Analytical procedures can make audits more efficient and effective. First, they can help during the planning and review stages of the audit. However, analytics can have an even bigger impact when supplementing substantive testing during fieldwork.
Defining Analytical Procedures
The Association of International Certified Professional Accountants (AICPA) auditing standards define analytical procedures as “evaluations of financial information through analysis of plausible relationships among financial and nonfinancial data.” Analytical procedures also investigate “identified fluctuations or relationships that are inconsistent with other relevant information or that differ from expected values by a significant amount.” Examples of analytical tests include trend, ratio, and regression analysis.
Traditional vs. Analytics
During fieldwork, auditors can use analytical procedures to obtain evidence, sometimes in combination with other substantive testing procedures, that identify misstatements in account balances. Analytics are often more efficient than traditional, manual audit testing procedures that typically require the business to be audited to produce significant paperwork. Traditional procedures also usually require substantial time to verify account balances and transactions.
Five Steps of Analytical Procedures
Analytical procedures generally follow these five steps:
- Form an independent expectation about an account balance or financial relationship.
- Identify differences between expected and reported amounts.
- Investigate the most probable cause(s) of any discrepancies.
- Evaluate the likelihood of material misstatement.
- Determine the nature and extent of any additional auditing procedures needed.
When using analytics, the auditor must establish a threshold that can be accepted without further investigation. This threshold is a matter of professional judgment, but it’s influenced primarily by materiality and the desired level of assurance.
For differences due to misstatement (rather than a plausible explanation), the auditor must decide whether the misstatement is material (individually or in the aggregate). Material misstatements typically require adjustments to the amount reported and may also necessitate additional audit procedures to determine the scope of the misstatement.
Your Role in Audit Analytics
Done right, analytical procedures can help make your audit less time-consuming, less expensive, and more effective at detecting errors and omissions. However, it’s important to notify your auditor about any major changes to your operations, accounting methods, or market conditions during the current accounting period.
This insight can help auditors develop more reliable expectations for analytical testing and identify plausible explanations for significant changes from the balance reported in prior periods. Moreover, now that you understand the role analytical procedures play in an audit, you can anticipate audit inquiries, prepare explanations, and compile supporting documents before fieldwork starts.
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